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  • in Linguistics

    The Affective Filter Hypothesis: Definition and Criticism

    Linguist and educator Stephen Krashen proposed the Monitor Model, his theory of second language acquisition, in Principles and practice in second language acquisition as published in 1982. According to the Monitor Model, five hypotheses account for the acquisition of a second language: Acquisition-learning hypothesis Natural order hypothesis Monitor hypothesis Input hypothesis Affective filter hypothesis However, […] More

  • in Linguistics

    The Input Hypothesis: Definition and Criticism

    Stephen Krashen is a linguist and educator who proposed the Monitor Model, a theory of second language acquisition, in Principles and practice in second language acquisition as published in 1982. According to the Monitor Model, five hypotheses account for the acquisition of a second language: Acquisition-learning hypothesis Natural order hypothesis Monitor hypothesis Input hypothesis Affective […] More

  • in Linguistics

    The Monitor Hypothesis: Definition and Criticism

    Stephen Krashen is an educator and linguist who proposed the Monitor Model as his theory of second language acquisition in his influential text Principles and practice in second language acquisition in 1982. The Monitor Model posits five hypotheses about second language acquisition and learning: Acquisition-learning hypothesis Natural order hypothesis Monitor hypothesis Input hypothesis Affective filter […] More

  • in Linguistics

    The Natural Order Hypothesis: Definition and Criticism

    The Monitor Model as proposed by Stephen Krashen in his influential text Principles and practice in second language acquisition in 1982 posits five hypotheses about second language acquisition and learning: Acquisition-learning hypothesis Natural order hypothesis Monitor hypothesis Input hypothesis Affective filter hypothesis The following sections offer a description of the second hypothesis of the Monitor […] More

  • in Linguistics

    The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis: Definition and Criticism

    Linguist and educator Stephen Krashen proposed the Monitor Model, his theory of second language acquisition, in Principles and practice in second language acquisition published in 1982. Influenced by the theory of first language acquisition proposed by Noam Chomsky, the Monitor Model posits five hypotheses about second language acquisition and learning: Acquisition-learning hypothesis Natural order hypothesis […] More

  • in English Verbs, Linguistics

    Ambitransitive English Verbs

    Verbs are traditionally defined as “words that describe actions or states of being.” Main or principal English verbs may be either intransitive or transitive. Ambitranitive verbs are English verbs that may be either transitive/ditransitive or intransitive depending on the context. Ambitransitive verbs can occur within passive constructions when transitive or ditransitive. Most English verbs are […] More

  • in English Verbs, Linguistics

    Attributive Ditransitive English Verbs

    Traditional notional grammars define verbs as “action or state of being words.” Transitive verbs in English grammar are main verbs that take an object. Ditransitive verbs take two objects: (1) a direct object and an indirect object or (2) a direct object and an object complement. Ditransitive verbs that take a direct object and an […] More

  • in English Verbs, Linguistics

    Ditransitive English Verbs

    Verbs have traditionally been defined as “action or state of being words.” Main verbs, or principal verbs, fall into five categories in English grammar. Transitive verbs are English verbs that take an object. Ditransitive verbs take two objects: (1) a direct object and an indirect object or (2) a direct object and an object complement. […] More

  • in English Verbs, Linguistics

    Monotransitive English Verbs

    Notional grammars describe verbs as “action or state of being words.” Main verbs, or principal verbs, fall into five categories in English grammar. Monotransitive verbs are a subcategory of transitive verbs that take only one object: a direct object. Some common monotransitive English verbs include the following: accomplish achieve address begin bother continue create damage […] More

  • in English Verbs, Linguistics

    Transitive English Verbs

    Verbs have traditionally been defined as “action or state of being words.” Main verbs, or principal verbs, fall into five categories in English grammar. Transitive verbs are English verbs that take an object. Monotransitive verbs take only one object: a direct object. Ditransitive verbs take two objects: (1) a direct object and an indirect object […] More

  • in English Verbs, Linguistics

    Copular English Verbs

    Traditional grammars define verbs as “action or state of being words.” Main verbs, or principal verbs, fall into five categories in English grammar. Copular verbs are English verbs that link the subject complement in the predicate to the grammatical subject. Copular verbs are similar to intransitive verbs and thus cannot occur within passive constructions. Some […] More

  • in English Verbs, Linguistics

    Intransitive English Verbs

    Notional grammars define verbs as “action or state of being words.” Main verbs, or principal verbs, fall into five categories in English grammar. Intransitive verbs are English verbs that cannot or do not take objects. Intransitive verbs cannot occur within passive constructions. Some common intransitive English verbs include the following: collapse cough cry die disappear […] More

  • in English Pronouns, Linguistics

    Intensive Pronouns in English Grammar

    Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns, noun phrases, and other grammatical forms. Intensive pronouns are pronouns that add emphasis to a statement. In English grammar, intensive pronouns are identical in form to reflexive pronouns. Unlike reflexive pronouns, however, intensive pronouns can be removed without altering the meaning or grammaticality of a sentence. […] More

  • in English Pronouns, Linguistics

    Reflexive Pronouns in English Grammar

    Pronouns are small words that can take the place of nouns, noun phrases, and other grammatical forms. Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that end in -self or -selves, function as objects, and refer to a previously named noun or pronoun. Reflexive pronouns are a special kind of pronoun usually used in constructions in which the subject […] More

  • in English Prepositions, Linguistics

    The Ideology of Teaching English Prepositions

    An ideology, as defined in the Oxford English Dictionary, is a “systematic scheme of ideas, usually relating to politics or society, or to the conduct of a class or group, and regarded as justifying actions, especially one that is held implicitly or adopted as a whole and maintained regardless of the course of events.” Ideologies […] More

  • in English Pronouns, Linguistics

    Object Pronouns in English Grammar

    Pronouns are small words that can take the place of nouns, noun phrases, and other grammatical forms. Object pronouns are pronouns that perform four functions in clauses: direct object, indirect object, object complement, and prepositional complement. Direct objects are words, phrases, and clauses that follow a transitive verb and receive the action of the verb. […] More

  • in English Adverbs, Linguistics

    Using Adverb Clauses as Adjunct Adverbials

    Notional grammars define adverb clauses as subordinate or dependent clauses that consist of a subordinating conjunction followed by a clause and that perform adverbial grammatical functions. A clause is a grammatical structure that consists of a subject and a predicate. A dependent or subordinate clause is a clause that cannot function independently as a complete […] More

  • in English Adverbs, Linguistics

    Grammatical Function of English Adverb Clauses

    Adverb clauses are defined as subordinate or dependent clauses that consist of a subordinating conjunction followed by a clause and that perform adverbial grammatical functions. Adverb clauses perform only one grammatical function in English grammar: adjunct adverbial. Adverb Clauses as Adjunct Adverbials The one grammatical function that adverb clauses perform is the adjunct adverbial. An […] More

  • in English Determiners, Linguistics

    Grammatical Forms of English Determiner Phrases

    Determiners are a closed class of words that provide information such as familiarity, location, quantity, and number about a noun or noun phrase. A determiner phrase is a phrase in which at least one determiner functions as the head of the phrase plus any additional determiners or p-words functioning as particles. The two grammatical forms […] More

  • in English Determiners, Linguistics

    The Numeral in English Grammar

    Belonging to a closed class of words, determiners provide information such as familiarity, location, quantity, and number about a noun or noun phrase. Determiners differ in form and function from adjectives, which describe attributes of nouns and noun phrases. Similar to quantifiers, numerals are counting numbers such as one, two, three, and four that provide […] More

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